Parts of speech
Simple and easy
Speech is not only the speech that is made in schools on stage, but the speech also includes normal day-to-day conversation. So, today, parts of speech, or, in simple words, parts of our talking process, will be explained.
There are eight parts to speech, and while we talk, we use these eight parts in our conversation.
Here are eight parts of speech.
1: Noun
2: Pronoun
3: Verb
4: Adverb
5: Adjective
6: Conjunction
7: Interjection
8: Preposition
The name of a person, place, or object is called a noun.
The definition indicates that almost everything in our surroundings is a noun, for example.
Name: Alina, Sara, John
Person: father, sister, mother, uncle, etc.
Please: Karachi, London, room, bathroom, kitchen, etc.
Object: friendship, bed, pills, ice cream ear, etc.
A pronoun is used in order to avoid the repeated use of a noun.
While talking, we don’t repeat nouns again and again, but we use nouns in the beginning and when required, so therefore we use pronouns instead of nouns.
Example
Sana is going to the bazaar. Sana is a good girl, and Sana is very intelligent.
Sana is going to the bazaar; she is a good girl, and she is very intelligent.
In the above examples, which passage do you think looks fine? Obviously the second one, because it did not use a noun again and again but used the word she, which is a pronoun.
Verbs are the state of being and an action. Example
1:She is playing.
2:He is eating.
3:John is sitting.
4:Ali is looking out the window.
In the above examples, the words eating and playing are actions performed by someone, so these are verbs.
In the next two examples of sitting and cooking, are showing states or position of John and Alice, are also verbs.
An Adverb is modifying the meaning of a verb, adjective, and another adverb, or simply adding something to the meaning of a verb, adverb, and adjective is an adverb
Example
1:He is going slowly.
2:They are playing well.
3:He is speaking softly.
In the above example, slowly, well, and softly are adverbs because they are adding something to the meaning of verbs, which are going, playing, and speaking.
In the above example, he is going slowly.
The word slowly explains the verb, going further, so it is an adverb.
An adjective is when something is added to a noun or pronoun, for example.
1:Hot hair is beautiful.
2:They are well-mannered.
3:The table is brown.
In the above examples, words beautiful, well-mannered, and brown are explaining the noun more; therefore, they are called adjectives.
Conjunctions are used to join sentences, for example, but, if, etc.
An interjection is the use of words to express strong emotions, for example.
1:Hurray! We won
2:Alas! She failed the exams.
A preposition is a word that shows a relation between different things. For example,
1:Where do you come from?
2:The book is on the table.
3:Cat was under the chair.
In the above examples from, on, and under are prepositions that show the relation of different things, like cat, and chair, book, and table.
We will now dive further into these parts of speech; the above were just basics on which almost all grammar is based.
Types of Noun
Below are the types of nouns.
Common Noun
Proper Noun
Compound Noun
Collective Noun
Concrete Noun
Abstract Noun
A common noun is a noun that shows people and things in general, for example, House
Dog
Air
Proper Noun indicates a specific person or an object for example
Richard
America
A collective noun is a group of people, for example
Band
Team
Military force.
A compound noun is combining two or more nouns, for example
Mango juice
School girls
Strawberry pie
Concrete Nouns are things that can be seen, touched, and smelled, for example, House
Sea
Pavement
Abstract nouns are nouns that cannot be touched like
Ideas, quality, etc
Hatred
Friendship
Time
Countable nouns as the name suggest can be counted these can be singular or plural for example
Orange
Car
Copies
Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted they can only be used in singular, for example
Money
Tea
Juice.
Types of verb
There are many types of verbs like
Action verbs
State verbs
Transitive verbs
Intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Model words
Action verbs are verbs that indicate actions, for example
She is playing
He is jumping
I am eating.
State verbs indicate a state of being like feelings, emotions, positions, senses, etc. She loves her car
He has a pet
I think we should leave.
The intransitive verb there is no object in the intransitive verbs, for example
They laughed
I drive
She read
Transitive verbs are verbs having objects for example
I love my house.
They supported her.
Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs. For example
He is driving a car
She has been waiting for the train
I am writing a book
Modal verbs are also helping verbs these are used to show ability, permission possibility for example
Can I leave
You should go
May I come in?
Types of adverb
Adverb of manner
Adverb of place
Adverb of time
Adverb of frequency
Adverb of manner states how an action is performed for example
Running fast
Talking well
Adverb of place shows the place of an action for example
Put the milk in the fridge
He looked everywhere for his copy.
Adverb of time shows the time of the action for example
He went to the park yesterday
They go to school daily
Adverb of frequency shows how frequently something happens or does not happen for example
He never went to school
Sometimes we play football
Types of adjective
1: Adjective of quality
2: Adjective of number
3: Adjective of quantity
4: Interrogative adjective
5: Demonstrative adjective
6: Possessive adjective.
An adjective of quality of a noun and pronoun is an adjective of quality it is also called a descriptive adjective for example 1: He has a nice car
2: Her house is big.
Adjective of quantity
As the name suggests it shows the quantity of nouns and pronouns.
Kids have enough toys
She has some money
Adjective of number
Adjective of number shows the exact number of a noun or pronoun for example
She has four Apples
I have read this story two times
Demonstrative adjective this kind of adjective point out a thing or person etc, for example
These books are green
This book is mine.
Interrogative adjectives are used to ask questions for example
whose car is this
which glass is yours
Possessive adjective words are used to show possession.
Example
It is her book.
Types of conjunction
1: Coordinating conjunctions 2:Subordinating conjunctions
3: Correlating conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions are conjunctions that use single words to join words, phrases, or elements for example for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
These cannot be used at the beginning of a sentence.
Subordinating conjunction, this conjunction connects dependent clauses to independent clauses, these can be used at the beginning of a sentence.
For example,
If they go what shall we do
I missed the class because I was late
Correlative conjunction is the use of such words that join sentences, and this pair is of equal value
For example both /end, not /only, either /or, neither /nor, but /also,.
I will either go to Karachi or Islamabad
If one word is removed from the sentence the sentence does not make sense then, so it’s shown that both words of conjunctions have equal value none can be eliminated
Interjection types
1:Interjection of greeting
2:Interjection of approval
3:Interjection of joy
4:Interjection of attention
5:Interjection of surprise
6:Interjection of sorrow
An interjection of greetings is used while greeting someone for example
Hey! How are you
Hello! I am a newcomer
interjection of joy are used to indicate emotions of joy for example
Hurray! Rabia won the match
Good! you did it well
An interjection of attention is used to get the attention of someone
Ssh! Keep the door shut
Behold! I saw a beautiful flower
An interjection of approval shows approval in a language for example
Brilliant! You passed it
Well done! You completed the assignment
An interjection of surprise States the feeling of surprise
What! You made it
Oh! you saw her today
An interjection of sorrow shows sadness for example
Alas! he could not win
Ouch! I fell
Types of preposition
Preposition of time
Preposition of place
Preposition of direction
The proposition of time shows the time of an action for example
In, on, at , before,after
His marriage is in January
preposition of the place tells us about the place of the objects, for example
in, on,at,under, above etc.
Preposition of direction tells us about the place of an action or object for example
to, into towards, etc.
